Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection just underneath the skin surface. It is most usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. The word cellulitis truly means inflammation of the cells. Specifically, cellulitis refers to an infection of the tissue just beneath the skin surface. In humans, the skin and the tissues under the skin are the most frequent locations for microbial infection. Skin is the first defense against attacking bacteria and other microbes. An infection can occur when this usually strong barrier is damaged due to surgery, injury, or a burn. A small thing like that of a scratch or an insect bite also allows the bacteria to enter the skin that might lead to an infection. Generally, the immune system kills any invading bacteria, but sometimes the bacteria are able to grow and cause an infection.

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Once past the skin surface, the warmth, moisture, and nutrients allow bacteria to grow speedily. Disease-causing bacteria discharge proteins called enzymes which cause tissue damage. The body's reaction to damage is inflammation which is featured by pain, redness, heat, and swelling. This red, painful region grows bigger as the infection and resulting tissue damage spread. An untreated infection may extend to the lymphatic system, the lymph nodes, the bloodstream, or into deeper tissues. Cellulitis most frequently occurs on the face, neck, and legs. Although other kinds of bacteria can cause cellulitis, it is most often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Streptococcus pyogenes is the so-called flesh-eating bacteria and, in rare cases, can lead to a dangerous, deep skin infection called necrotizing fasciitis. Orbital cellulitis may be caused due to bacteria which cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. In children, Haemophilus influenzae type B often causes orbital cellulitis following a sinus infection. Streptococcus pyogenes can be picked up from a being that has strep throat or an infected sore. Other cellulitis-causing bacteria can be acquired from direct get in touch with with infected sores. Persons who are at a higher risk for cellulitis are those who have a harsh underlying disease, are taking steroid medications, have a reduced immune system, have been burned, have insect bites, have reduced blood circulation to limbs, or have had a leg vein removed for coronary bypass surgery. In addition, chicken pox, human or animal bite wounds, skin wounds, and recent surgery can put a person at a higher danger for cellulitis.