Chronic cellulitis

Chronic cellulitis is a swelling of part of the body, most commonly an arm or leg, caused by the abnormal accumulation of a protein-rich fluid called lymph. Chronic cellulitis occurs when the lymphatic system is not working properly, either because of a developmental disorder, or through damage or trauma. The whole system is a part of the immune system and helps to fight infection. It is also responsible for cleansing the tissues and maintaining a balance of fluids in the body. Lymph or lymphatic fluid is a colorless body fluid mostly water and protein that bathes the body tissues. Tissue fluid, bacteria, proteins and waste products are transported away from the tissues as lymph.

More about the chronic cellulitis

Your doctor will take a thorough history and examine you, because other possible causes of edema, such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, or venous system dysfunction must be excluded. Malignancy must always be considered, particularly if the swelling is of sudden onset, rapid progression, or is painful. Sometimes it can be difficult to be sure of the diagnosis and your doctor may refer you for specialist investigation so that a firm diagnosis can be reached. A test called lymphoscintigraphy is the diagnostic method of choice. This test can be used to show anatomy and patency, evaluate dynamics of flow and reversal of flow, and determine the severity of obstruction. Computed topography and magnetic resonance imaging scans are frequently done, especially if malignancy is suspected.

Conclusion

Lymph is drained away in little channels called lymphatic vessels, which become increasingly larger and deeper. These vessels pass through a number of filters called lymph nodes, which remove waste matter and harmful cells. Clusters of lymph nodes are found in the neck, armpits and groin. Lymph lastly drains back into the bloodstream by entering a large vein just behind the collarbone on each side of the neck. If, for whatever reason, the lymphatic vessels are not draining properly, or there is any kind of obstruction, the fluid in the tissues builds up and swelling occurs. Unfortunately, most of the underlying causes of chronic cellulitis are irreversible and there is currently no cure. However, treatment is available that will reduce the swelling and significantly improve quality of life. Early treatment of chronic cellulitis is important before irreversible tissue changes take place. Most of the patients can be treated successfully with conservative measures.

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